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Systemic Responses of Inflammation-Related Factors Following Eccentric Exercise in Humans

Received: 11 October 2017     Accepted: 26 October 2017     Published: 16 March 2018
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Abstract

Background: Exercise-induced muscle damage is followed by muscle adaptation which has been associated with an inflammatory response and is influenced by a crucial balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This study investigated the pattern of systemic cytokine responses for several hours after muscle-damaging exercise. Methods: Nine healthy, young men volunteers performed 50 maximal eccentric muscle actions with each leg using the knee extensors. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured by ELISA before and at 6, 48 and 120 hours post-exercise. Results: Volunteers reported significant muscle soreness and their serum creatine kinase (CK) activity increased gradually up to 120 hrs post-exercise (p<0.05). Circulating levels of IL-1a remained unaltered and TGF-β1 increased slightly over time, while IL-2 showed a moderate increase 48 hrs following eccentric exercise (p>0.05). Levels of TNF-α and IL-10 exhibited a similar pattern of response over time, showing a nearly 50% and 100% increase, respectively, 6 hrs post-exercise, while IL-6 increase significantly 6 and 48 hrs post-exercise (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that eccentric exercise might trigger a systemic, predominantly anti-inflammatory, acute cytokine response as part of the adaptation process to muscle damage, where IL-6 may be especially involved.

Published in American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 6, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11
Page(s) 32-37
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cytokines, IL-6, IL-10, Muscle Damage, TGF-β1, TNF-α

References
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Anastassios Philippou, Maria Maridaki, Constantinos Psarros, Michael Koutsilieris. (2018). Systemic Responses of Inflammation-Related Factors Following Eccentric Exercise in Humans. American Journal of Sports Science, 6(2), 32-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11

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    ACS Style

    Anastassios Philippou; Maria Maridaki; Constantinos Psarros; Michael Koutsilieris. Systemic Responses of Inflammation-Related Factors Following Eccentric Exercise in Humans. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2018, 6(2), 32-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11

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    AMA Style

    Anastassios Philippou, Maria Maridaki, Constantinos Psarros, Michael Koutsilieris. Systemic Responses of Inflammation-Related Factors Following Eccentric Exercise in Humans. Am J Sports Sci. 2018;6(2):32-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11,
      author = {Anastassios Philippou and Maria Maridaki and Constantinos Psarros and Michael Koutsilieris},
      title = {Systemic Responses of Inflammation-Related Factors Following Eccentric Exercise in Humans},
      journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
      volume = {6},
      number = {2},
      pages = {32-37},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20180602.11},
      abstract = {Background: Exercise-induced muscle damage is followed by muscle adaptation which has been associated with an inflammatory response and is influenced by a crucial balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This study investigated the pattern of systemic cytokine responses for several hours after muscle-damaging exercise. Methods: Nine healthy, young men volunteers performed 50 maximal eccentric muscle actions with each leg using the knee extensors. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured by ELISA before and at 6, 48 and 120 hours post-exercise. Results: Volunteers reported significant muscle soreness and their serum creatine kinase (CK) activity increased gradually up to 120 hrs post-exercise (p0.05). Levels of TNF-α and IL-10 exhibited a similar pattern of response over time, showing a nearly 50% and 100% increase, respectively, 6 hrs post-exercise, while IL-6 increase significantly 6 and 48 hrs post-exercise (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that eccentric exercise might trigger a systemic, predominantly anti-inflammatory, acute cytokine response as part of the adaptation process to muscle damage, where IL-6 may be especially involved.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Systemic Responses of Inflammation-Related Factors Following Eccentric Exercise in Humans
    AU  - Anastassios Philippou
    AU  - Maria Maridaki
    AU  - Constantinos Psarros
    AU  - Michael Koutsilieris
    Y1  - 2018/03/16
    PY  - 2018
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11
    T2  - American Journal of Sports Science
    JF  - American Journal of Sports Science
    JO  - American Journal of Sports Science
    SP  - 32
    EP  - 37
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8540
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180602.11
    AB  - Background: Exercise-induced muscle damage is followed by muscle adaptation which has been associated with an inflammatory response and is influenced by a crucial balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This study investigated the pattern of systemic cytokine responses for several hours after muscle-damaging exercise. Methods: Nine healthy, young men volunteers performed 50 maximal eccentric muscle actions with each leg using the knee extensors. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured by ELISA before and at 6, 48 and 120 hours post-exercise. Results: Volunteers reported significant muscle soreness and their serum creatine kinase (CK) activity increased gradually up to 120 hrs post-exercise (p0.05). Levels of TNF-α and IL-10 exhibited a similar pattern of response over time, showing a nearly 50% and 100% increase, respectively, 6 hrs post-exercise, while IL-6 increase significantly 6 and 48 hrs post-exercise (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that eccentric exercise might trigger a systemic, predominantly anti-inflammatory, acute cytokine response as part of the adaptation process to muscle damage, where IL-6 may be especially involved.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

  • Department of Sports Medicine & Biology of Physical Activity, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

  • Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

  • Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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