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How Far Does Physical Training Modulate the Motor Unit Activities of Respiratory Muscles in Female Athletes: An Electromyographic Study

Received: 1 September 2021     Accepted: 26 September 2021     Published: 5 October 2021
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Abstract

The pulmonary capacities of a person depend on the activities of the respiratory muscles. The Motor neurons and its units of the respiratory muscles regulate breathing and can be studied by using surface electromyography. The effect of physical training on motor unit involvement was the main concern of this study and the other is to understand the influence of physical exercise on respiratory muscles. It has focused on the associative strength in motor units during forceful and normal respiration of 15-20 years young female and nonathletes. The sEMG has the delicate and respiratory interplay or coordination of muscles recorded by placing the electrodes on the preferred anatomical places of three selected muscles in standing postures of thirty-eight trained female athletes and thirty-three nonathletes. Spirometric studies were performed simultaneously during normal and forceful respiration in each subject. One way ANOVA, Scheffe's multiple comparison tests, and Strength of association during different types of respiration were calculated. A significant difference has been observed in motor unit activity among the three muscles during maximum and normal respiration. Scheffe's multiple comparison tests showed the difference between Intercostal and Latissimus dorsi, Diaphragm, and Latissimus dorsi muscles in athletes during normal and forceful respiration. In nonathletes, significant differences were observed between Intercostal and diaphragm, Diaphragm, and Latissimus dorsi muscles only during normal respiration. But during forceful respiration, insignificant differences among the three muscles in females were observed in nonathletes. The strength of association of motor units for respiratory muscles and the duration of muscle responses are lower in athletes during normal and forceful respiration. But, motor unit activity is higher in athletes in all conditions. It means athletes produce better responses though there is a little motor unit involved. It has also been seen that the duration of EMG bursts, i.e. muscle response time is lower in athletes than nonathletes. So, this study concluded that with fewer motor units, athletes could produce more significant respiratory, muscular activity in less time and less associative strength than the non-athletes. It assumed that due to physical training, muscles improved pulmonary capacities by increasing the flexibility of respiratory muscles.

Published in American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 9, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajss.20210904.11
Page(s) 73-77
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Motor Units, Respiratory Muscles, Surface EMG, Spirometry

References
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[2] https://www.physio-pedia.com/Exercise_Physiology
[3] Andrea Aliverti. The respiratory muscles during exercise. Breathe (Sheff). (2016); 12 (2): 165–168. DOI: 10.1183/20734735.008116.
[4] https://www.physio-pedia.com/Lung_Volumes
[5] https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/wellness/exercise-and-lung-health
[6] Milanesi JM, Weber P, Berwig LC, Ritzel RA, Silva AMT, Correa ECR. Childhood mouth-breathing consequences at adult age: ventilator function and quality of life. Physical Therapy In Movement. (2014); 27 (2) 211-218.
[7] Pires MG, Di Francesco RC, Junior JFM, Grumach AS. Implications of Mouth Breathing On the Pulmonary Function and Respiratory Muscles. International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology. (2016); 18 (1): 242-251.
[8] Matthew J. Fogarty, Carlos B. Mantilla, and Gary C. Sieck. Breathing: Motor Control of Diaphragm Muscle. Physiology. (2018); 33 (2): 113–126.
[9] Priya Nandy, Soumen Bhattacharyaa, Shilpa Dutta, Anupam Bandyopadhyay. Associative Strength and Activities of Motor Units in Diaphragm, Intercostal, and Latissimus Dorsi during Forceful and Normal Respiration of 15-20 Years Young Male Athletes and Non-Athletes. International Journal of Sports and Physical Education. (2021); 7 (1): 01-06.
[10] Hande Türker, Hasan Sözen. Surface Electromyography in Sports and Exercise. Book: Electrodiagnosis in New Frontiers of Clinical Research. Submitted: May 17th 2012. Reviewed: February 18th 2013. Published: May 22nd 2013. DOI: 10.5772/56167.
[11] John H. Byrne. Synaptic Transmission in the Central Nervous System (chapter 6). Cellular and molecular neurobiology. Revised 19 May 2020.
[12] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_unit
[13] C S Pattichis, I S Schofield, P Fawcett. A morphological analysis of the macro motor unit potential. Medical Engineering & Physics. (1999); 21 (10): 673-679. DOI: 10.1016/s1350-4533(99)00099-5.
[14] https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/44778
[15] Hanneman E. Relation between size of neurons and their susceptibility to discharge. Science. (1957). 126 (3287): 1345-134.
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  • APA Style

    Priya Nandy, Anupam Bandyopadhyay. (2021). How Far Does Physical Training Modulate the Motor Unit Activities of Respiratory Muscles in Female Athletes: An Electromyographic Study. American Journal of Sports Science, 9(4), 73-77. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20210904.11

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    ACS Style

    Priya Nandy; Anupam Bandyopadhyay. How Far Does Physical Training Modulate the Motor Unit Activities of Respiratory Muscles in Female Athletes: An Electromyographic Study. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2021, 9(4), 73-77. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20210904.11

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    AMA Style

    Priya Nandy, Anupam Bandyopadhyay. How Far Does Physical Training Modulate the Motor Unit Activities of Respiratory Muscles in Female Athletes: An Electromyographic Study. Am J Sports Sci. 2021;9(4):73-77. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20210904.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajss.20210904.11,
      author = {Priya Nandy and Anupam Bandyopadhyay},
      title = {How Far Does Physical Training Modulate the Motor Unit Activities of Respiratory Muscles in Female Athletes: An Electromyographic Study},
      journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
      volume = {9},
      number = {4},
      pages = {73-77},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20210904.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20210904.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20210904.11},
      abstract = {The pulmonary capacities of a person depend on the activities of the respiratory muscles. The Motor neurons and its units of the respiratory muscles regulate breathing and can be studied by using surface electromyography. The effect of physical training on motor unit involvement was the main concern of this study and the other is to understand the influence of physical exercise on respiratory muscles. It has focused on the associative strength in motor units during forceful and normal respiration of 15-20 years young female and nonathletes. The sEMG has the delicate and respiratory interplay or coordination of muscles recorded by placing the electrodes on the preferred anatomical places of three selected muscles in standing postures of thirty-eight trained female athletes and thirty-three nonathletes. Spirometric studies were performed simultaneously during normal and forceful respiration in each subject. One way ANOVA, Scheffe's multiple comparison tests, and Strength of association during different types of respiration were calculated. A significant difference has been observed in motor unit activity among the three muscles during maximum and normal respiration. Scheffe's multiple comparison tests showed the difference between Intercostal and Latissimus dorsi, Diaphragm, and Latissimus dorsi muscles in athletes during normal and forceful respiration. In nonathletes, significant differences were observed between Intercostal and diaphragm, Diaphragm, and Latissimus dorsi muscles only during normal respiration. But during forceful respiration, insignificant differences among the three muscles in females were observed in nonathletes. The strength of association of motor units for respiratory muscles and the duration of muscle responses are lower in athletes during normal and forceful respiration. But, motor unit activity is higher in athletes in all conditions. It means athletes produce better responses though there is a little motor unit involved. It has also been seen that the duration of EMG bursts, i.e. muscle response time is lower in athletes than nonathletes. So, this study concluded that with fewer motor units, athletes could produce more significant respiratory, muscular activity in less time and less associative strength than the non-athletes. It assumed that due to physical training, muscles improved pulmonary capacities by increasing the flexibility of respiratory muscles.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - How Far Does Physical Training Modulate the Motor Unit Activities of Respiratory Muscles in Female Athletes: An Electromyographic Study
    AU  - Priya Nandy
    AU  - Anupam Bandyopadhyay
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajss.20210904.11
    T2  - American Journal of Sports Science
    JF  - American Journal of Sports Science
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8540
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20210904.11
    AB  - The pulmonary capacities of a person depend on the activities of the respiratory muscles. The Motor neurons and its units of the respiratory muscles regulate breathing and can be studied by using surface electromyography. The effect of physical training on motor unit involvement was the main concern of this study and the other is to understand the influence of physical exercise on respiratory muscles. It has focused on the associative strength in motor units during forceful and normal respiration of 15-20 years young female and nonathletes. The sEMG has the delicate and respiratory interplay or coordination of muscles recorded by placing the electrodes on the preferred anatomical places of three selected muscles in standing postures of thirty-eight trained female athletes and thirty-three nonathletes. Spirometric studies were performed simultaneously during normal and forceful respiration in each subject. One way ANOVA, Scheffe's multiple comparison tests, and Strength of association during different types of respiration were calculated. A significant difference has been observed in motor unit activity among the three muscles during maximum and normal respiration. Scheffe's multiple comparison tests showed the difference between Intercostal and Latissimus dorsi, Diaphragm, and Latissimus dorsi muscles in athletes during normal and forceful respiration. In nonathletes, significant differences were observed between Intercostal and diaphragm, Diaphragm, and Latissimus dorsi muscles only during normal respiration. But during forceful respiration, insignificant differences among the three muscles in females were observed in nonathletes. The strength of association of motor units for respiratory muscles and the duration of muscle responses are lower in athletes during normal and forceful respiration. But, motor unit activity is higher in athletes in all conditions. It means athletes produce better responses though there is a little motor unit involved. It has also been seen that the duration of EMG bursts, i.e. muscle response time is lower in athletes than nonathletes. So, this study concluded that with fewer motor units, athletes could produce more significant respiratory, muscular activity in less time and less associative strength than the non-athletes. It assumed that due to physical training, muscles improved pulmonary capacities by increasing the flexibility of respiratory muscles.
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 4
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Author Information
  • Department of Physiology, Serampore College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India

  • Department of Physiology, Serampore College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India

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